Effect of ICT on Patterns of Employement

Nowadays many of the manual tasks especially in the factory being performed by robots or new technology. Many industrial processes operate 24 hours a day and are continually being monitored and controlled by computer. There are fewer paper-based systems in offices. Moreover, more people work in home and do not need to travel to any part of the country.

It makes disadvantages for employee.  The occurrence of unemployment for workers who do not have a qualification that meets the requirements. The nature of consumption as a result of intense competition in the era of the generation that gave birth moral decline: consumptive, wasteful and have a mental shortcut instant.

Areas of Increased Unemployment

The introduction of computers made many jobs outdated. For example, people who could use a computer to word process documents replaced typists. These documents could be saved to disc and recalled whenever needed instead of being re-types. Some examples of areas have suffered job losses:

1.      Manufacturing

Many factories now have fully automated production lines. Instead of using people to build things, computer-controlled robots are used. 
 Robots can run day and night, never needing a break, and don’t need to be paid! (Although the robots cost a lot to purchase, in the long-term the factory saves money.)

2.      Secretarial Work

            

     Offices used to employee many secretaries to produce the documents required for the business to run. Now people have personal computers, they tend to type and print their own documents.

 3.      Accounting Clerks

                  Companies once had large departments full of people whose job it was to do calculations (e.g. profit, loss, billing, etc.) A personal computer running a spreadsheet can now do the same work.

4.      Newspaper Printing

            It used to take a team of highly skilled printers to typeset (layout) a newspaper page and to then print thousands of newspapers. 
            The same task can now be performed far more quickly using computers with DTP software and computer-controlled printing presses.

            But, in the field of computer technology economy is growing very rapidly. Of technological advances can we feel the positive benefits include: Higher economic growth,
the occurrence of industrialization, productivity of the industrial world is increase, competition in the world of work so requires workers to increase their skills and knowledge.

Areas of Increased Employment

New skills are needed to use the computer software and hardware. More operators are needed to process the increase in turnover generated by quick and easy access to applications. Some examples of areas where jobs have been created:

1.      Computer Programmers

            Write the instructions to make the computers work. Hundreds of thousands of people are now employed in the 'software industry’.

2.      Systems analysts

       Design business software systems, and whose conduct a study problems and need of organization

3.      IT Technicians

            All of the computers in a business need to be maintained: hardware fixed, software installed, etc.  IT technicians do this work.

4.      Web Designers

         Much of modern business is conducted on-line, and company websites are very important. Company websites need to be designed and built which is the role of web designers.

5.      Help-Desk Staff

         People often need help using computers, and software applications. Computer and Software Company have help-desks staffed by trained operators who can give advice. 

This posting is Supported by :

Adib Fuad Firdaus

Aditya Dwigantara

M. Fahrul Alam Yuniarsa

Nur Wijaya

Reference:

 http://www.igcseict.info/theory/6/social/

http://www.dineshbakshi.com/Effects-of-using-ICT/Revision-Notes/effects-of-using-ict-revision-notes/ICT-and-employment.html